Place the list of works cited at the end of the paper.  Center the title, "Works Cited", an inch from the top of the page.  Double-space between the title and the first entry.  Begin each entry flush with the left margin.  Indent subsequent lines one-half inch (five spaces).  Double space both within and between entries.  Alphabetize by the author's (or editor's) last name.  Entries with no author or editor are alphabetized by title.

BOOKS

Basic Format

Authors' Last Name, First Name. Title of the Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, year.

Books by a Single Author

Fukuyama, Francis. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution.
         New York: Farrar, 2002.
Gilman, Richard. Chekhov's Plays : An Opening into Eternity . New Haven: Yale
         University Press, 1995.
Lentricchia, Frank. After the New Criticism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.
Books by Two or More Authors

If the book has two or three authors, all authors are mentioned in the citation.  However, if the book was written by more than three authors, only the first author is mentioned, followed by et. al. The same rule applies to citations listing editors of a publication.

Block, Holly, et al.  Art Cuba: The New Generation.  New York: Abrams, 2001.

Salzman, Jack, David Lionel Smith, and Cornel West, eds. Encyclopedia of
         African-American Culture and History.  5 vols.  New York: Macmillan, 1996.
BOOK CHAPTERS, EXCERPTS, ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES

A Work (essay, short story, poem, article) in an Anthology (or collection)

Rodriguez de Tio, Lola.  "Ode to October 10."  Trans. Manuel A. Tellechea.  Herencia:
         The Anthology of Hispanic Literature of the United States.  Ed. Nicolas Kanellos.
         New York: Oxford UP, 2002.  560-563.

An Article or entry in a Reference Book
          Signed (has an author):
Bolz, Frank A., Jr. "Lindbergh Law." Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement. Vol. 2. Thousand
          Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005
Piccarella, John.  "Hendrix, Jimi." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians.
         2nd ed. Vol. 11. New York: Grove's Dictionaries, 2001.

An Unsigned Article/Entry in a Reference Book (no author):
"Northern Right Whale."  Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America.
      Ed. Walton Beacham, et al. Vol. 6.  Detroit: Gale, 2001.

More than one entry from a Multi-Volume Work
Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement. 3 vols.. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005
GALE SERIES LITERARY CRITICISM

The articles featured in the Gales series of literary criticism come from two different kind of sources:  books and periodicals.  Citations will differ based on the kind of sources from which the article was originally published.  Citations must include citation information for both the original book or periodical article in which the criticism appeared, as well as citation information for the Gales Series volume in which it is found. The first example below is of an article originally published in a book; the second was from a journal.

Freibert, Lucy M.  "Control and Creativity: The Politics of Risk in Margaret Atwood's
         The Handmaid's Tale."  Critical Essays on Margaret Atwood.  Ed. Judith McCombs and G. K.
         Hall, 1988.  280-91.  Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism.  Ed. Jeffrey W. Hunter,
         et al.  Vol. 135.  Detroit: Gale, 2001.  13-18.

Malmgren, Carl D.  "On the Road Reconsidered: Kerouac and the Modernist Tradition."
         Ball State University Forum 30 (1989):  59-67.  Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary
        Criticism.  Ed. Linda Pavloski and Scott Darga.  Vol. 117.  Detroit: Gale, 2002.  204-9.
WEB PAGES

The following is a brief overview of how to cite freely accessible web pages that are not accessed through periodical databases.  To cite articles obtained from one of the library's databases, refer to next section, JOURNAL, MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES FROM A LIBRARY DATABASE for details.

For more detailed information about citing web pages, please consult Ely Library's separate guide, "Citing Web Pages in MLA Style".

Basic Format:

Author of webpage/document (if available). "Title of Webpage or Document."
         Title of Website.  Editor of site (if available).  Publication date or date updated (if available).
         Sponsoring Organization (if available).  Date of access <URL>

• Author: Usually found at the top or bottom of the web page. If a name is not available, begin your citation with the document or web page title.
• Title of Web Page/Document: May be found at top left corner of printout, or at the top of the Web browser.
• Title of Website: Often listed as a homepage, the site for which the document was created.
• Update/Publication date: Usually found at the end of the document.  Give the full date (day, month, and year)
• Sponsoring Organization: If the web page is produced by an organization, a school, a company, etc., provide that information here.
• URL:  The Uniform Resource Locator is the Web address of your document.  It is found at the top right corner of your printout or in the location bar or address bar on your Web browser.

JOURNAL, MAGAZINE, NEWSPAPER ARTICLES - FROM A LIBRARY DATABASE
An Article from a Library Database.  Use this format for articles accessed in an online full-text database.  Citations should include the following information, if available:

• Author's last name, first name
• Title of article
• Name of periodical (underlined)
• Volume and issue numbers
• Date of publication: for journals the year in parentheses, for newspapers and magazines the full date.
• Page number range or total number of pages
• Name of the library database used
• Name of the database provider (See the table below for a listing of databases and their providers)
• Name and location (city or state) of the library which subscribes to the database
• Date of access
• URL for the database provider. (See the table below for a listing of databases and their providers' URLs)

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Periodical Title volume number. issue number
         (year of publication if journal) or date of publication if magazine/newspaper: page number range.
         Database Name. Database Provider. Library and City or State. Date article was accessed.
         URL for database provider.
Examples:
Cummings, Scott T.  "Interactive Shakespeare."  Theatre Topics 8.1 (1998):   93-112.
         Project Muse.  Johns Hopkins University Press.  Westfield State Coll. Lib., MA.
          14 Aug. 2003.  <http://www.press.jhu.edu>.

Danto, Arthur C.  "Paint It Black."  Nation 18-25 Aug. 2003: 46- .  Academic Search Premier.
          EBSCO.  Westfield State Coll. Lib., MA.   14 Aug. 2003. <http://www.ebsco.com>.
Locate the database provider and URL for the database in which you located your article.
(For databases not listed below, consult a librarian)

Database	Database Provider	URL
Academic Search Premier	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
America History & Life	ABC-CLIO	http://www.abc-clio.com
Boston Globe	NewsBank	http://www.newsbank.com
Business and Company ASAP	Thomson Gale	http://www.galegroup.com
Business Source Premier	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
Communication & Mass Media Complete	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
Contemporary Women's Issues	Thomson Gale	http://www.ebsco.com
CQ Researcher online	CQ Press	http://www.cqpress.com
Criminal Justice Periodicals	ProQuest	http://www.proquest.com
Education Journals	ProQuest	http://www.proquest.com
Expanded Academic ASAP	Thomson Gale	http://www.galegroup.com
General BusinessFile ASAP	Thomson Gale	http://www.galegroup.com
Historical Abstracts	ABC-CLIO	http://www.abc-clio.com
History Resource Center: U.S.	Thomson Gale	http://www.galegroup.com
Humanities International Index	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
JSTOR	JSTOR	http://www.jstor.org
LexisNexis Academic	LexisNexis	http://www.lexisnexis.com
Literature Resource Center	Thomson Gale	http://www.galegroup.com
New York Times Historical Collection	ProQuest	http://www.proquest.com
Newspaper Source	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
Professional Collection	EBSCO	http://www.ebsco.com
Project Muse	John Hopkins University Press	http://www.press.jhu.edu
Proquest Journals (Biology, Computing, etc)	ProQuest	http://www.proquest.com
Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection	ProQuest	http://www.proquest.com
Republican	NewsBank	http://www.newsbank.com

JOURNAL, MAGAZINE, OR NEWSPAPER ARTICLES - PRINT VERSIONS

Basic Format:

Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Periodical Title

         volume number. issue number (Year) or date of publication: page number range.

An Article in a Scholarly Journal

Carter, Nancy Carol.  "The Special Case of Alaska:  Native Law and Research."
         Legal Reference Services Quarterly 22.4 (2003):  11-46.
Note: if page numbers are continuous throughout a volume, the issue number is not necessary. Example:

Dusinberre, Juliet.  "Pancakes and a Date for As You Like It." Shakespeare Quarterly 54 (2003): 371-405.

An Article in a Magazine
For most magazine articles, you only need to cite the magazine's date of publication (no volume or issue number).

Goodell, Jeff.  "The Plunder of Wyoming." Rolling Stone 21 Aug. 2003: 64-69.
An Article in a Newspaper

Gladstone, Valerie.  "Shiva Meets Martha Graham, at a Very High Speed."  New York
      Times 10 Aug. 2003, New England ed., sec. 2: 3.

You should cite your use of "another's words, facts, or ideas."  (For more information on citing sources, see the guide to avoiding plagiarism produced by the Writing Tutorial Services of Indiana University: http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/pamphlets/plagiarism.shtml). "References in the text must clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited."  Identify sources by author's last name, and include page numbers if available.

• Citation includes author's name then page numbers if available.
• If no author is available, use the first one or two words of the title of the web page enclosed in quotation marks.
• note on page numbers: Web documents often don't have page numbers or numbered sections. When a web page lacks numbering, omit page numbers from your parenthetical references. Do not use page numbers generated on a print-out of the web document. PDF files found on the web will have page numbers however that can be used in a citation.
• If work has three authors or less, include all authors in cite.

(Author's last name Page number) or (Page number only)

Work by one author

(Dodge 114)

Work by three authors or less

(Jackson, Follers, Bettancourt 203)

Work by four authors or more

(Fitzwilly et al. 26)

Citing Volume and Page Numbers of a Multivolume Work

"In the year 1824, some 13,000 black Americans emigrated to Haiti..." (Salzman, Smith,
and West 3: 1348).

Citing a Work Listed by Title, no author

This led to a rule requiring avoidance measures within 500 yards of the whales ("Northern Right
Whale" 105).

Distinguishing Cites of Two Works by the Same Author

...in an article about W.P.A. writers (Brinkley, "Unmasking" A15).

"From 1897 to 1917, Storyville...became the world's most famous red-light district"
(Brinkley, American Heritage 382).

Note: If you include the author's name in a sentence, you need not repeat the name in the citation that follows.

Direct Quotes:
The author's analysis of occupations reveals that "virtually all female convicts were poor or
working-class" (Dodge 114).

Watts and Bahill conclude that "outlawing aluminum bats would produce faster
batted-ball speeds" (144).

Paraphrasing or reference to a source:
The themes and context of the novel draw on French feminist theory (Freibert 16).

...in his painting of Fidel Castro greeting the Pope (Block, et al. 140).

Gibaldi, Joseph.  MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.  6th ed.  New York:  Modern Language Association, 2003.
For more information and examples, please consult this handbook, available in Ely Library's reference collection (REF LB2369 G53 2003).